24Drs好健康報:憂鬱女性的狂飲風險
好健康熱頭條 ─ 憂鬱女性的狂飲風險 Binge Drinking Risk in Depressed Women
好健康小單字 – 憂鬱 (Depression)
好健康熱頭條 ─ 憂鬱女性的狂飲風險
加拿大的研究指出，狂飲在憂鬱症的人身上較常見，特別是女性。
在一項針對超過14,000名加拿大男女性的電話訪查中，研究人員發現那些罹患重度憂鬱症（特別是女性），在每個能飲酒的場合中，喝五杯或以上的機率較高。
狂飲（Binge drinking）的定義是在單一飲酒場合中，喝五杯或以上的酒精性飲料。
該研究是由Kathryn Graham博士和研究同仁所共同執行的，Graham博士在加拿大的西安大略省大學心理部門及安大略省倫敦市成癮暨心理健康中心服務；研究報告發表於元月號的《酒癮：臨床暨實驗研究》期刊中。
在該電話訪查中，參與者回答關於其上週和去年飲酒習慣的問題，另外還有憂鬱症狀的問題；就那些被電話訪查的人當中，符合重度憂鬱症症狀標準的男女比例分別約為6%和10%。
受訪者中大多數的人並不是酗酒者，少於10分之2的人表示他（她）們每週喝超過一或兩次，平均而言，參與者表示其每次在飲酒的場合中僅喝兩杯。
雖然有著重度憂鬱症的人，較有可能狂飲，但他（她）們似乎不會比沒憂鬱的人喝酒的次數更頻繁。
Graham博士於期刊的新聞稿中表示，憂鬱症特別和狂飲這類型的飲酒方式有密切相關，喝酒的頻率高但量少的飲酒類型，與憂鬱症無關。
在這項研究中，只是感到情緒低落，但未罹患重度憂鬱症的人，不特別會狂飲，但研究也留下了一些未解的問題：到底是因為憂鬱症而易狂飲，還是狂飲導致憂鬱症？
由於並未對受訪者進行後續追蹤，因此並不清楚是否重度憂鬱症導致其狂飲的結果？或是狂飲反造成重度憂鬱症？或是否因其他的因素作用所導致？
Graham博士提到，過去針對憂鬱症和飲酒間關係的研究，所得到的結果都不同；因此，她和研究同仁呼籲能針對飲酒和憂鬱症的關係，進行更多的研究。
重度憂鬱症並非短暫的感到憂鬱，它會導致失能或自殺，是很嚴重疾病，但通常是可治癒的。
罹患重度憂鬱症的患者在過去兩週，可能會經歷以下症狀的五項或以上。
* 持續性的悲傷、悲觀
* 感到罪惡感、無價值感、無助感或無望感
* 對例行日常生活活動失去興趣或愉悅感，包括性。
* 難以專注，並抱怨記憶力變差 。
* 共存慢性病的惡化，像是風濕性關節炎或糖尿病。
* 失眠或睡眠過多
* 體重異常增加或減少
* 疲倦、缺乏能量
* 焦慮、煩燥不安、易怒
* 想自殺或有輕生的念頭
* 說話和行動皆緩慢
* 頭痛、胃痛及消化問題
Binge Drinking Risk in Depressed Women
Binge drinking may be more common in people with major depression, especially women, a Canadian study shows.
In a telephone poll of more than 14,000 Canadian men and women, researchers found those with major depression -- especially the women -- were more likely to report drinking five or more drinks per occasion.
Binge drinking is defined as consuming five or more alcoholic beverages on one occasion.
The study was done by Kathryn Graham, PhD, and colleagues. Graham works in the psychology department at Canada's University of Western Ontario and at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in London, Ontario.
It is reported in the January issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.
In the poll, participants answered questions about their drinking habits in the past week and the past year, as well as questions about depression symptoms.
Of those polled, about 10% of the women and nearly 6% of the men had symptoms that met the diagnostic criteria for major depression.
Most of the poll's participants weren't heavy drinkers. Fewer than two in 10 said they drank more than once or twice a week. And participants reported drinking only two drinks per occasion, on average.
Although those with major depression were more likely to binge, they didn't appear to drink more frequently than those who weren't depressed.
"Depression is most strongly related to a pattern of binge drinking," Graham says in a journal news release. "A pattern of frequent but low quantity drinking is not associated with depression."
In the study, people who were just feeling low but did not have major depression weren't particularly likely to binge drink.
The study leaves some unanswered questions.
Which came first, depression or binge drinking?
Participants weren't followed over time. So it's not clear whether major depression led to binge drinking, whether binge drinking caused the major depression, or whether other factors were at work.
Past studies on depression and drinking have had mixed results, Graham notes. She and her colleagues call for more research on alcohol and depression.
Major depression isn't the same as briefly feeling blue. It's a serious -- and often treatable -- condition that can lead to an inability to function, or even to suicide.
People with major depression may experience five or more of the following symptoms for at least two weeks:
• Persistent sadness, pessimism
• Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness, or hopelessness
• Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, including sex
• Difficulty concentrating and complaints of poor memory
• Worsening of coexisting chronic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes
• Insomnia or oversleeping
• Weight gain or loss
• Fatigue, lack of energy
• Anxiety, agitation, irritability
• Thoughts of suicide or death
• Slow speech; slow movements
• Headache, stomachache, and digestive problems
SOURCES: Graham, K. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, January 2007; vol 31. WebMD Medical Reference: "Understanding Depression -- The Basics." WebMD Medical Reference: "Understanding Depression -- Symptoms." News release, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.
WebMD Medical News
by Miranda Hitti
好健康小單字 – 憂鬱 (Depression)
憂鬱症是一種情緒障礙，主要是情緒低落，也會有思想及行為等方面繼發性變化，其所引起之顯著精神方面症狀包括：嚴重頭痛、胃痛或噁心、呼吸問題、慢性頸痛及背痛；根據心理疾病診斷統計手冊第四版（DSM－IV）之診斷標準包括，持續的悲傷、焦慮、或頭腦空白；睡眠過少或過多；體重減輕，食慾減退；失去活動的快樂和興趣；心神不寧或急躁不安；持續的對治療無反應的軀體症狀；注意力難以集中，記憶力下降，決策困難；疲勞或精神不振；感到內疚、無望或者自身毫無價值；出現自殺或死亡的想法。若是持續兩個星期以上出現上述五個或以上症狀，就需要就醫或拜訪其他心理健康專家。
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