24Drs好健康報:睡眠長度會影響糖尿病風險？！
好健康熱頭條 ─睡眠長度可能影響糖尿病風險 Sleep Length May Sway Diabetes Risk
好健康小單字─胰島素抗性 (Insulin Resistance)
好健康熱頭條 ─睡眠長度可能影響糖尿病風險
睡眠縮減或在睡眠方面過份放縱，可能會更容易罹患糖尿病。
糖尿病照護期刊上的一項研究顯示，獲得較少睡眠（每晚最多五或六個小時）的男性，或睡很多（每夜晚超過八小時）的男性，可能比每晚獲得適度睡眠的男性要來得可能發展糖尿病。
這項研究包含了超過1,100位住在波士頓裡面或周圍的中年和老年男性；研究人員包括了耶魯大學醫學院的H.Klar Yaggi醫學博士、公共衛生碩士。
Yaggi的研究小組表示，睡太多或睡太少可能會是糖尿病的一個風險因子。
【睡眠和糖尿病】
當這項研究在1980年代後期開始的時候，沒有任何一位男性患有糖尿病。
他們提供了血液樣本而且接受面訪有關於他們的健康習慣，包括他們每晚平均睡眠幾小時；後續的面訪在1990年代中期和2002-2004年期間進行。
有90個新的糖尿病案例在研究期間被診斷出來。
Yaggi和同事表示，通常，那些睡眠期間落在極端值的人〔每晚睡最多達五小時和每晚睡超過八小時〕，比起那些表示每晚睡七小時的人，罹患糖尿病的風險更高。
儘管他們將其他可能增進糖尿病風險的因素也納入考量，但晚上睡眠的時數仍有很大的關係。
【睡七小時是最理想的？】
研究顯示，每晚睡七小時的可能對於緩和糖尿病風險是理想的。
相較於每晚睡七小時的男性，每晚睡眠較少(少於五或六個小時)的男性，糖尿病風險是兩倍高，而每晚睡很多(每晚超過八小時)的男性，罹患糖尿病風險是三倍高。
想到Goldilocks，來自神話故事的虛構人物，她在找尋一張不是太硬或太軟的床，和不太熱或太冷的粥；最恰到好處的水準是Goldilocks自己的目標，而且如果Yaggi的研究是正確的，七小時的睡眠可能是對於降低糖尿病最適當的。
然而，Yaggi的研究並不證明睡眠習慣會引起（或避免）任何一位男性的糖尿病；研究顯示，表示每晚睡眠七小時的男性也似乎是較年輕、較有學問、健康情況較佳，而且睾酮濃度較高的人。
他們附帶說明表示，睡眠對糖尿病風險的影響可能被睾酮濃度的改變而居中調解；其他的研究顯示了低的睾酮濃度已經與糖尿病風險因子，包括肥胖、身體脂肪分配和胰島素抗性有關。
Sleep Length May Sway Diabetes Risk
Skimping on sleep or overindulging in sleep might make diabetes more likely.
A study in Diabetes Care shows men who got little sleep (up to five or six nightly hours) or a lot of sleep (more than eight hours per night) were more likely to develop diabetes than men with moderate amounts of nightly sleep.
The study included more than 1,100 middle-aged and elderly men living in and around Boston. The researchers included H. Klar Yaggi, MD, MPH, of Yale University's medical school.
Getting too much or too little sleep could be a risk factor for diabetes, Yaggi's team reports.
Sleep and Diabetes
When the study started in the late 1980s, none of the men had diabetes.
They provided blood samples and were interviewed about their health habits, including their average hours of nightly sleep. Follow-up interviews were done in the mid-1990s and in 2002-2004.
Ninety new cases of diabetes were diagnosed during the study.
"Generally, those at the extremes in sleep duration [up to five hours and more than eight hours of sleep per night] had a worse risk profile in terms of diabetes risk than those who reported seven hours of sleep per night," Yaggi and colleagues write.
They took into account other factors that boost diabetes risk. Even so, nightly hours of sleep mattered.
Seven Hours Ideal?
Seven hours of nightly sleep might be ideal for taming diabetes risk, the study suggests.
Compared to men who slept for seven hours per night, diabetes risk was twice as high for men reporting little nightly sleep (less than five or six hours) and three times as high for men reporting lots of sleep (more than eight hours per night).
Think of Goldilocks, the fictional character from fairy tales. She hunted for a bed that wasn't too hard or too soft, and for porridge that wasn't too hot or too cold. The "just right" level was Goldilocks' goal, and if Yaggi's study is right, seven hours of sleep might be "just right" for lowering diabetes risk.
However, Yaggi's study doesn't prove that sleep habits caused (or prevented) diabetes in any of the men. Men reporting seven hours of nightly sleep also tended to be younger, more educated, in better health, and had higher testosterone levels, the study shows.
They add that the effects of sleep on diabetes risk may be mediated by changes in testosterone. Other studies have shown that low testosterone has been associated with risk factors for diabetes including obesity, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance.
SOURCES: Yaggi, H. Diabetes Care, March 2006; vol 29: pp 657-661. Reuters.
WebMD Medical News
by Miranda Hitti
Reviewed By Brunilda Nazario
好健康小單字─胰島素抗性 (Insulin Resistance)
什麼是胰島素抗性？簡單來說，就是對胰島素作用有抵抗性或是胰島素作用有缺陷；這是週邊組織對胰島素降低生理反應的一種病理現象，其臨床表現包括血脂異常、高血壓、葡萄糖耐受不良或第二類型糖尿病、高尿酸血症或痛風、中心型肥胖、血液凝固系統缺損及高凝固力、維生素過多症、脂肪肝及冠狀動脈心臟病等病症。
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