24Drs好健康報:宿醉頭疼的救兵
好健康熱頭條 ─宿醉頭疼的救兵 Hangover Headache Help
好健康小單字 – 宿醉 (Hangover)
好健康熱頭條 ─宿醉頭疼的救兵
真正的宿醉靠家人沒什麼用，唯一能治癒真正宿酒的方法是死亡。-- Robert Benchley, 美國幽默作家。
前一天晚上，再多喝杯香檳似乎是個好主意；但第二天早上，陣陣的頭痛就不是這麼回事了；上次發生這種事的時候，你或許有發誓下次絕不喝這麼多，那是可行的；但有些人每次都那麼說，那你就不適合發誓了。
許多人都是如此，1992年丹麥調查發現，有近四分之三的成年人偶而會宿醉頭痛，這使得它成為最常見的頭疼原因；對於欠缺節制力的人來說，有防止飲酒過量而頭疼的方法嗎？有治療的方法嗎？
紐約羅斯福醫院頭疼學會的神經學專家Christine Lay醫師表示，的確有許多可以做的方法。Lay醫師與同事Christina Sun醫師把這種情況以文章發表在美國頭痛協會即將出刊的頭痛（Headache）期刊中。
【為什麼我們會宿醉頭疼】
大部分的宿醉都會伴隨著可怕的頭疼，但不須喝太多也會宿醉頭痛；Lay醫師表示，不常喝酒、喝不多的人比喝很多的人更容易頭痛；她表示，你不需要喝過量，甚至於只要稍微沾一點就可能會頭疼，這是因為酒精對頭疼有直接和間接的影響。
酒精導致的第一件事就是脫水，因為酒精會開啟體內抗脫水機制，造成頻尿；而且酒精會壓迫肝臟，使它較不容易製造葡萄糖；葡萄糖是驅動身體每個細胞的能量來源，腦細胞若缺少這種能量特別容易受影響。
酒精也會影響體內細胞用來彼此溝通的化合物，前列腺素就是其中之一，它能調節你感覺痛苦與其它感覺的方法；最後，酒精會影響發炎反應，使血管膨脹，這就是為什麼某些人不必等到早上就感到頭疼。
酒精主要的間接影響來自於乙醛，乙醛是身體處理含酒精飲料的產物，這種化合物的功效就像藥物，會使人冒汗和臉紅、心跳加速、和胃部作嘔，如果體內囤積足夠的乙醛就會嘔吐。
酒精的另一個間接影響是干擾睡眠，這就是為什麼這麼難用睡眠來解除宿醉。
Lay醫師表示，當喝太多時會想要睡覺，但是整夜都是半睡半醒的；酒精會妨礙快速眼動睡眠，而且常會醒來，睡睡醒醒造成頭疼。
【防止宿醉頭痛】
就如作家Benchley所述，如果喝了太多酒，只有死能讓你免於嘔吐，但是如果你有計畫適量的喝，就能避開頭疼。
Lay醫師表示，首先，喝酒前吃一頓油膩的餐食；油膩的食物會粘在胃壁，減緩酒精的吸收，大多數油膩的食物都含有充足的碳水化合物，在體內能轉換成糖類，額外補充酒精所造成糖類下降。
當你選擇酒精飲料時，先考慮透明的飲料，像是紅酒或威士忌等深色的飲料含有較多所謂congeners的美味物質，這些酒精發酵的天然副產品也許會造成過敏反應，惡化酒精性頭痛。
喝酒的時候不要牛飲，慢慢地啜飲，給你的身體一些時間來處理酒精；在喝酒時，至少要喝一大杯不含酒精的飲料。
白開水最好，像是蕃茄汁與蔓越梅汁等果汁也有助於補充體內因為酒精所失去的葡萄糖；不含酒精的飲料或許也可以，這些飲料中的咖啡因有助於對抗酒精所造成的小血管膨脹。
如果你喝含咖啡因的飲料，請務必增加喝水量，咖啡因會導致身體流失水分，在喝酒的時候，沒有比避免脫水更重要的事了。
Lay醫師強調，不要抽菸，抽菸會讓你的腦部無法得到所需要的氧氣，而且如果你還不知道藥物對你有沒有好處，聽著，不要喝酒和服藥。
如果你正在服用處方藥物，那麼喝酒前先和醫生談談，要討論兩件事：酒精會阻止或提升藥物的作用嗎？藥物治療會增加酒精的作用嗎？
如果你沒有胃部或出血問題，而且醫生說沒問題的話，也許要考慮服用阿斯匹靈或NSAID類止痛藥，像是naproxen或ibuprofen，這些藥物會抑制調節痛感的前列腺素，並且有助於抵制酒精的前列腺素增進效果。
Lay醫師表示，有些NSAID類藥物在抑制前列腺素上特別有效，其中一種是稱為Ponstel的NSAID處方藥；另一種稱為Clotam的藥物與Ponstel很類似，美國買不到，在英國有賣；1983年有個小型臨床試驗顯示，服用Clotam的人在喝酒和睡覺前的宿醉頭痛會較輕微。
Lay醫師表示，這些藥物是跟著宿醉者的，然而，Ponstel並未被核准作為宿醉療法，除非醫生特別說你可以服用，否則不能因為這個原因而吃它。
此外，不要服用Tylenol品牌或沒有品牌的藥物acetaminophen，它跟酒在一起會造成肝臟負擔。
【治療宿醉頭痛】
如果你的頭在你看到這篇文章時就疼痛的話，要防止頭疼已經太晚了。
很幸運地，現在做某些事讓自己好過些還不太晚，Lay醫師表示，最重要的是脫水問題，所以喝些水吧。
即使你還在控制之下，一頓油膩的餐食在這個時候並不是個好主意，但是你的胃裡需要一些東西；Lay醫師建議，吃些清淡、含有蛋白質和碳水化合物的食物，像是土司夾蛋就應該不錯，再攝取一些糖份，酸性果汁不是很好，但是一點點蕃茄汁或蘋果汁會不錯。
如果你的胃能處理，而且如果沒有潰瘍潰瘍或有流血疾病的話，可以服用阿斯匹靈、naproxen、ibuprofen、或其他NSAID類藥物，再次強調，不要服用Tylenol。
Lay醫師表示，如果你有偏頭痛，就很難判斷是酒精性頭痛還是偏頭痛，但如果你有triptan類的治療偏頭痛處方藥，吃一顆也許有用。
那麼那些不用處方的宿醉治療法呢？Lay醫師認為有些可能有效，她表示，大多數的治療都含有抗發炎藥物，不論是阿斯匹靈或NSAID，這些藥物有很多都含有咖啡因，而且很多都有糖類副產品。
但是，她提醒，大多數人最好是喝酒要節制，吃點東西、攝取足夠糖份、或許再攝取一些咖啡因；如果你服用這些藥物沒有副作用的話，就配合吃一些阿斯匹靈(或NSAID)等之前使用的備用藥。
Hangover Headache Help
A real hangover is nothing to try out family remedies on. The only cure for a real hangover is death. -- Robert Benchley, American humorist.
The night before, one more glass of champagne seemed like a great idea. Next morning, your throbbing head suggests otherwise.
The last time this happened, you swore off overdrinking for good. That plan would have worked. But being someone who loses count from time to time, it was not the plan for you.
Many, many others are in the same boat. A 1992 Danish survey found nearly three-fourths of adults there occasionally suffer hangover headache, making it the most common form of headache reported.
Short of abstinence, is there any way to prevent a headache from too much alcohol? Is there a cure?
There is, indeed, quite a lot you can do, says neurologist Christine Lay, MD, of The Headache Institute, Roosevelt Hospital, in New York City.
Lay and colleague Christina Sun, MD, authored a forthcoming article on this condition in Headache, the journal of the American Headache Society.
Why We Get Hangover Headaches
Hangovers almost always come with a hideous headache. But you don't have to drink too much to get a hangover headache.
Lay says infrequent, light drinkers are more likely than heavy drinkers to suffer such headaches.
"You don't necessarily have to overdo it. Even dipping in just a little bit can cause a headache," she says.
This is because alcohol has both direct and indirect effects that contribute to headache.
The first thing alcohol does is cause dehydration. Alcohol switches off an anti-dehydration mechanism in the body, causing you to urinate more often than you should.
Alcohol also stresses your liver, making it less able to produce glucose. Glucose -- sugar -- is the fuel that drives every cell in you body. Brain cells are particularly susceptible to a shortage of this fuel.
Alcohol also affects the chemicals that cells in your body use to communicate with each other. One of these chemicals is prostaglandin, which regulates the way you feel pain, among other things.
Finally, alcohol has an inflammatory effect, making your blood vessels swell. This is why some people don't have to wait until morning for their headache.
The main indirect effects of alcohol come from a chemical called acetaldehyde, made as your body processes the booze.
This chemical works like a drug, making you sweat and flush, your heart race, and your stomach turn nauseous. If enough acetaldehyde accumulates in your body, you vomit.
Another indirect effect of alcohol is disturbed sleep. This is why it's so hard to "sleep off" a hangover.
"When you drink too much, you feel like going to sleep -- but there is a paradoxical awakening during the night," Lay says. "Alcohol interferes with rapid-eye movement sleep; and people wake frequently. This waking contributes to headache."
Preventing Hangover Headache
Like Benchley wrote, nothing short of death will keep you from getting sick if you drink huge quantities of alcohol. But if you plan to drink moderately, there are some things you can do to fend off a headache.
First, Lay says, eat a greasy meal before drinking.
Greasy foods coat the stomach and slow absorption of alcohol. And most greasy foods are full of carbohydrates, which turn into sugar in your body. That gives you an extra supply of the sugars alcohol causes to drop.
When choosing an alcoholic beverage, consider clear ones.
Dark beverages, such as red wine and whiskey, contain more of the flavorful substances called congeners. These natural byproducts of alcohol fermentation may contribute to the inflammation that worsens alcohol headaches.
When drinking, don't guzzle. Sip alcoholic beverages slowly. Give your body time to process the alcohol.
Between drinks, have at least one big glass of a nonalcoholic beverage.
Water is excellent. Fruit juices, such as tomato juice and cranberry juice, help your body replace the glucose it has losing due to alcohol. Soft drinks may also help in this way -- and the caffeine in some of these drinks may help counteract the swelling of small blood vessels caused by alcohol.
If you do consume caffeine, be sure to increase your water intake. Caffeine causes your body to lose water -- and nothing is more important than avoiding dehydration when drinking.
Lay off the cigarettes. Lay notes that smoking keeps your brain from getting the oxygen it needs.
And if you didn't already know that drugs aren't good for you, hear this: Don't drink and take drugs.
If you are taking prescription medications, talk to your doctor BEFORE you take a drink. Find out two things: Does alcohol block or enhance the effects of your medication? Does your medication enhance the effects of alcohol?
If you don't have stomach or bleeding problems -- and if your doctor says it's OK -- you might consider taking aspirin or one of the NSAID family of pain relievers, which includes naproxen and ibuprofen. These drugs inhibit prostaglandin -- that pain regulator -- and help counteract the prostaglandin-enhancing effects of alcohol.
Lay says some NSAIDs are particularly effective at inhibiting prostaglandin. One is a prescription NSAID called Ponstel. Another close relative of Ponstel -- not available in the U.S. -- is sold as Clotam in the U.K. A small 1983 clinical trial showed that people who take Clotam before drinking and before going to bed have milder hangover headaches.
"These drugs go after the bad guy in the hangover," Lay says.
However, Ponstel is not approved for use as a hangover remedy. Do not use it for this purpose unless your doctor specifically says you can do so.
DO NOT take either brand-name Tylenol or the generic brand, acetaminophen. In combination with alcohol, this drug stresses the liver.
Curing Hangover Headache
If your hair hurts as you read this, it's too late to prevent your headache.
Fortunately, it's not too late to do something to make yourself feel better.
"The most important thing is dehydration," Lay says. "Drink some water."
Even if you could manage it, a greasy meal isn't a good idea at this point. But you need something in your stomach.
Lay advises something bland, with protein and carbs -- a poached egg on toast should do the trick.
And take in some sugar. Acidic juices aren't going to go down well -- but a little tomato juice or apple juice would be great.
If your stomach can handle it -- and if you don't suffer from ulcers or bleeding disorders -- take aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, or another NSAID. Again, do NOT take acetaminophen (Tylenol).
If you suffer migraine headaches, it may be hard to tell whether you have an alcohol headache or a migraine. But if you have a prescription for one of the triptan family of migraine drugs, taking one might help, Lay says.
What about all those over-the-counter hangover cures? Lay says some of them can work.
"Most of these cures contain an anti-inflammatory drug -- whether aspirin or an NSAID," she says. "A lot have caffeine; and a lot have sugar byproducts in them.
"But most people might just as well drink in moderation, eat, get enough sugar, and maybe get some caffeine," she counsels. Along with that old standby, aspirin (or an NSAID), if you're not at risk of side effects, she says.
SOURCES: Sun, C. and Lay, C. Headache, 2007; manuscript received ahead of publication. Kaivola, S. Cephalalgia, March 1983; vol 3: pp. 31-36. Christine Lay, MD, The Headache Institute, Roosevelt Hospital, New York City.
WebMD Medical News
by Salynn Boyles
Reviewed By Louise Chang
好健康小單字 – 宿醉 (Hangover)
宿醉主要是過度攝入酒精的症狀，包括脫水及中毒引起，喝酒速度過快、同時飲用不同的酒，以及空腹飲用烈酒都比較容易宿醉；宿醉產生的效應包括頭痛、噁心、嘔吐、口渴、嘴乾、發抖、暈眩、疲勞以及肌肉痙攣，還經常伴有認知與視覺空間感的下降；一般認為是酒精戒斷的早期階段，這個階段可能會輕微顫抖與流汗，有些人甚至會產生幻覺。
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